The simple addition process greatly reduced the side-reaction and made the operation more continuous and stable, and thus provided a practical and effective method of HMF preparation in Barasertib datasheet high-fructose solution. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry”
“The deterioration of wood used for artifacts of artistic interest involves the production of different free radicals from the macromolecules of the wooden matrix (cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose). Among the techniques able to provide information about these free radicals, the contribution

of electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) can be very valuable. In this paper, the study of EPR signals (with g approximate to 2) of both modern and ancient wooden taxa was undertaken in order to analyze some features of the free radicals in natural wood. In particular, we have studied the microwave power saturation behaviors of seasoned wooden samples from ten species, and we have found remarkable differences between softwoods and hardwoods. These differences can be correlated to dissimilarities

in the relaxation times T(1) and T(2) attributable to the different microscopic structures of the two trees’ categories. The method has been also applied to ancient woods belonging to works of art in order to assess the conservation state of these Tariquidar cell line artifacts. The analysis of the saturation curves has been found to be sensitive to the wood decay state. Indeed the deterioration process of the selleck kinase inhibitor wooden matrix involves a variation of the relaxation times; this could be ascribed to both possible structure modifications and to concentration increments of

the free radicals inside ancient woods due to decay induced by natural (biological, chemical, and physical) agents. This analysis method seems to be promising for the characterization of the wooden decay state and, therefore, it could provide valuable diagnostic indications which are necessary for the restoration and conservation of many artifact of historical-artistic-archaeological interest. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3125328]“
“A new solvent extraction method for isolation of bacteriocin-like compounds (BLCs) from bacterial culture broth was developed. Culture supernatant of Pediococcus acidilactici WRL-1 was mixed with 3 volumes of cold acetone and maintained at -20 degrees C for 2 h. The solvent and precipitate were separated by centrifugation. Most (95.2 +/- 2.5%) pediocin activity was found in the liquid phase and it was obtained by evaporation. This method was also an effective means of isolating other BLCs from cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus licheniformis DJ-2. Other solvents (methanol, ethanol, and butanol) were also suitable toward this end.