The proposed mechanisms in these studies all include the antioxid

The proposed mechanisms in these studies all include the antioxidant effects of the tea polyphenols within the green tea extract. Results from recent studies have negated the common assumption that black tea has less antioxidant activity than green tea [26, 27]. These previous GTE studies provide support for the ability of tea polyphenols to JPH203 order affect oxidative stress. Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages

in the world, and 80% of tea production results in black tea [28], designating it the most widely accepted type of tea. Our study is one of the first to examine the effects of the black tea polyphenol, theaflavin, on exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the human exercise model. Conclusions The purpose of this VRT752271 cost study was to examine the effects of supplementing with a theaflavin-enriched black tea extract on DOMS, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and cortisol responses to a high intensity, anaerobic exercise protocol. The main findings in this double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover pilot study are that BTE supplementation resulted in increased performance, reduced ratings

of DOMS, decreased oxidative stress markers, and improved HPA axis recovery in response to acute bouts of high-intensity exercise. This has potential application for recovery from high-intensity exercise, particularly if using repeated anaerobic intervals. Improved recovery may ultimately promote increased training frequency and quality, thus leading to improved performance. Acknowledgements check details We would like to extend our gratitude to the subjects that participated in this study. We would also like to thank Cynthia Jaouhari, Joseph Pellegrino, Anthony Lupinacci, and Meryl Epstein for their assistance with recruitment and data collection. This study was funded by a grant from WellGen, Inc (USA). The results of the present Tyrosine-protein kinase BLK study do not constitute endorsement of the product by the authors or by ISSN. References 1. Clarkson PM, Hubal MJ: Exercise-induced muscle

damage in humans. Am J Phys Med Rehab 2002, 8:S52-S69.CrossRef 2. Twist C, Eston R: The effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on maximal intensity intermittent exercise performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005, 94:652–658.CrossRefPubMed 3. Howatson G, van Someren KA: The prevention and treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage. Sports Med 2008, 38:483–503.CrossRefPubMed 4. Luczaj W, Skrzydlewska E: Antioxidative properties of black tea. Preventive Med 2005, 40:910–918.CrossRef 5. Tomita M, Irwin KI, Xie ZJ, Santoro TJ: Tea pigments inhibit the production of type 1 (T H1 ) and type 2 (T H2 ) helper T cell cytokines in CD4 + T cells. Phytother Res 2002, 16:36–42.CrossRefPubMed 6. Stangl V, Lorenz M, Stangl K: Review: The role of tea and tea flavonoids in cardiovascular health. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006, 50:218–228.CrossRefPubMed 7. Higdon JV, Frei B: Tea catechins and polyphenols: Health effects, metabolism, and antioxidant functions.

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