Lett Appl Microbiol 1999, 29 (5) : 308–312.PubMedCrossRef 30. Anonymous: Infectious diseases in Finland 2003. Publications of National Public Health Institute Series B 2004, 9/2004: 41. 31. Huovinen E, Sihvonen L, Virtanen M, Haukka K, Siitonen A, Kuusi M:
Symptoms and sources of Yersinia enterocolitica -infection: a case-control study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2010, 10 (1) : 122–131.PubMedCrossRef 32. Selleckchem DZNeP Anonymous: Infectious Diseases in Finland 2005. Publications of National Public Health Institute Series B 2006., 17/2006: 33. Capilla S, Ruiz J, Goni P, Castillo J, Rubio MC, Jimenez de Anta MT, Gomez-Lus R, Vila J: Characterization of the molecular mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 clinical isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004, 53 (6) : 1068–1071.PubMedCrossRef 34. Partridge SR, Tsafnat G, selleck compound Coiera E, Iredell JR: Gene cassettes and cassette arrays in mobile resistance integrons.
FEMS Microbiol Rev 2009, 33 (4) : 757–784.PubMedCrossRef 35. Karami N, Nowrouzian F, Adlerberth I, Wold AE: Tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli and persistence in the infantile colonic microbiota. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006, 50 (1) : 156–161.PubMedCrossRef 36. Sihvonen LM, Haukka K, Kuusi M, Virtanen MJ, Siitonen A, YE Study Group: Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica -like species in clinical stool specimens of humans: identification and prevalence of bio/serotypes in Finland. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009, 28 (7)
: 757–765.PubMedCrossRef 37. Lukinmaa S, Nakari UM, Liimatainen A, Siitonen A: Genomic diversity within phage types of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serotypes Enteritidis and Typhimurium. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2006, 3 (1) : 97–105.PubMedCrossRef 38. Hunter PR, Gaston MA: Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson’s index of diversity. J Clin Microbiol 1988, 26 (11) : 2465–2466.PubMed 39. CLSI: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility MRIP testing: M100-S16. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2006. 40. Cheasty T, Day M, Threlfall E: Increasing incidence of resistance to nalidixic acid in shigellas from humans in England and Wales: implications for therapy. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2004, 10: 1033–1035.PubMedCrossRef 41. Gripenberg-Lerche C, Zhang L, Ahtonen P, Toivanen P, Skurnik M: Construction of urease-negative mutants of Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes O:3 and O:8: role of urease in virulence and arthritogenicity. Infect Immun 2000, 68 (2) : 942–947.PubMedCrossRef Authors’ contributions LMS participated in the design of the study, did or supervised the MLVA, PFGE, DNA sequencing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, carried out the data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. ST performed the conjugation experiment.