1, Appendix 1). Plot size was roughly based on the extent of the forest types within the park and
varied from 0.04 ha (one plot), 0.25 ha (two plots), to 1 ha (five plots). All trees with a diameter at breast height over 1 cm were marked and identified using scientific and local names and species codes for morphospecies by trained teams of local fieldworkers and expert botanists. Specimen (fertile when possible) were collected of all species and stored in a herbarium at the local Isabela State University. Morphospecies were used consistently in the entire study for species that could not be identified. Y-27632 research buy Voucher specimens were identified
at the Philippine national herbarium, at the herbarium of the University of the Philippines’ Institute of Biology, and by visiting experts. Nearly all specimens could be Crizotinib purchase identified to genus level and 45% were identified to species level. Bird and bat species diversity was determined by Van Weerd from 1999 to 2006 in survey plots of varying size (Fig. 1, Appendix 1) using a variety of methods to obtain the most complete species lists possible. Only data gathered in the four selected forest types have been used here and data were pooled for each survey plot. In mangrove forest one survey plot for birds and bats was established; in lowland dipterocarp forest, data were gathered in 10 survey plots for bats and eight for birds; in ultrabasic forest five plots for bats and four for birds were used and in montane forest four plots for both birds and bats were used. Within a survey plot fixed transect and point count localities were established to record birds, using both visual and vocal identification. Counts were
conducted in the morning from 5.00 to 10.00 and late afternoon from 16.00 to 18.30. Transects were generally 0.5 km long, had no fixed belt width, and followed hunting or wildlife trails. Point counts (15–60 min depending on new species detections, no fixed belt) were spaced to avoid double counting and placed Amino acid at stratified random positions along trails. Mist nets were used to detect skulking and nocturnal birds and to survey bats. Mist nets were placed along creeks, along edges of small forest gaps and within forest interior at various heights. Mist net length was between 100 and 200 m (10–20 nets) and netting duration between two and 9 days. Species accumulation curves were constructed in field to determine stopping times. Surveys always lasted more than three full days with a maximum of 10 days. Bird species were identified following Kennedy et al. (2000). Bats were identified using Ingle and Heaney (1992).