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“Pain catastrophizing often has been measured using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Studies of the PCS nearly consistently support its three-factor structure (i.e., helplessness, magnification, and rumination) and satisfactory psychometric properties across different countries and languages. This study aimed to assess the generalizability of the three-factor structure of the PCS to Korean patients with chronic non-cancer pain and to investigate reliability, measurement error, and construct validity of a Korean version of the PCS (K-PCS).

A total of 182 patients with chronic pain seeking treatment in a tertiary pain center

located in Seoul, Korea, participated.

Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the adequacy of the three-factor structure of the K-PCS; MDV3100 molecular weight ‘helplessness,’ ‘magnification,’ and ‘rumination.’ The internal consistency

for ‘helplessness,’ ‘magnification,’ ‘rumination,’ and total scale of the K-PCS were Cronbach’s alpha = .90, .71, .86, and .93, respectively; test-retest stability, ICC = .77, .73, .65, and .79, respectively; the standard estimation of measurement, 1.93, 1.34, 2.13, and 3.72, respectively; the minimum detectable change, 5.33, 3.70, 5.89, and 10.28, respectively; and the limits of agreement, -7.66 to 9.20, -5.07 to 5.01, -7.30 to 6.86, and -15.26 Nutlin-3 clinical trial to 16.46, respectively. this website At least moderate positive correlations were observed between the K-PCS and pain intensity, depression, and pain-related anxiety, and moderate negative correlations between the K-PCS and physical and psychological functioning.

The K-PCS has the reliability, measurement error, and construct validity support for assessing pain catastrophizing in a Korean patient sample with chronic non-cancer pain.”
“Polymer-clay nanocomposites based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / polystyrene

sulfonate (PEDOT) : PSS and nanoclay montmorillonite were synthesized and characterized. The doping of PEDOT with polystyrene sulfonate made it water dispersible (PEDOT-PSS). Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and ionic liquid were used to increase the interlayer spacing and the conductivity of the nanocomposites, respectively. The nanocomposite was characterized by various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM, surface resistivity, and thermogravimetric measurement analysis. Interlayer spacing increased as a result of the addition of SDBS, and this was confirmed by the 20 shift observed via XRD analysis. The surface morphology of the conductive coated clav was examined by TEM analysis. Good electrical surface conductivity, interlayer spacing, and polymer coating were observed for the material prepared using the surfactant and conductive ionic liquid (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.