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from a flexible and reusable mold. J Micromech Microeng 2009, 19:095016. 10.1088/0960-1317/19/9/095016CrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions NK did the overall review before 2012 and drafted the manuscript. OSG did the updates of the latest development of NIL after 2012 and helped draft the manuscript and sequence alignment. LTP did the updates of the latest development of mold fabrication

and helped draft the manuscript. KM is the main coordinator of this manuscript and did the revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Highly porous Si is a material composed of interconnected Si nanowires and nanocrystals separated by voids [1, 2]. Due to its structure and morphology, it shows much lower thermal conductivity than that of bulk crystalline Si, which is even below the amorphous limit at porosities exceeding 60%. This is SN-38 mw attributed to phonon confinement in the Si nanostructures and phonon scattering at porous Si large internal surface. The room temperature thermal conductivity of porous Si was extensively Methamphetamine investigated in the literature (see a list in [3]), and the material is now established as an effective low thermal conductivity substrate for Si-based thermal devices [4], including flow sensors [5–8], gas sensors [9], accelerometers [10], and thermoelectric devices [11, 12]. An increasing interest is recently devoted to the potential use of porous Si as a thermoelectric material with high figure of merit (ZT), achievable with its low thermal conductivity, combined with an intentional doping to increase its electrical conductivity [13–15].