Recent findings demonstrate that chronic administration of oxytocin reduces food intake and body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) and genetically obese rodents with impaired or defective leptin signaling. Importantly, chronic systemic administration of oxytocin out to 6 weeks recapitulates the effects of central administration on body weight loss in DIO rodents at doses that do not result in the development of tolerance. Furthermore, these effects are coupled with induction

of Fos (a marker of neuronal activation) in hindbrain areas (e.g. dorsal vagal complex (DVC)) linked to the control of meal size and forebrain areas (e.g. hypothalamus, amygdala) linked to the regulation of food intake and body weight. This review APR-246 nmr assesses the potential central and peripheral

targets by which oxytocin may inhibit body weight gain, its regulation by anorexigenic and orexigenic signals, and its potential use as a therapy that can circumvent leptin resistance and reverse the behavioral and metabolic abnormalities associated with DIO and genetically obese models.”
“Study Design. A prospective, randomized study of the clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients undergoing single- and 2-level cervical arthroplasty with Bryan cervical disc (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN).

Objective. This study was designed to investigate the modified techniques of cervical arthroplasty with Bryan disc and analyze the clinical and radiologic effects.

Summary https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pnd-1186-vs-4718.html of Background Data. Aggravation of kyphosis is the known challenge after arthroplasty. Disc insertion angle

and overmilling were reported to be factors causing kyphosis. However, few studies have performed methods to avoid these factors. Additionally, translation and length matching of prosthesis seemed to be ignored. Selleck PF-04929113 There have been no studies regarding the effects of modified techniques for the prevention of these adverse outcomes.

Methods. Modified techniques include change in disc insertion, reducing overmilling of endplates, the assurance of the anterior borders at the same horizontal line, and the accurate fitness of prosthesis size. Techniques described in product monograph were applied to 20 patients (control group) and modified techniques were applied to 19 patients (investigational group). Clinical and radiologic (radiograph) follow-ups of all the patients were performed before surgery and after surgery (6 months). Comparisons between the 2 groups in terms of functional spinal unit angle, shell angle, the anteroposterior displacement between the 2 metal shells in the neutral position, and the fitness of prosthesis size were performed.

Results.