Moreover, while a slight to moderate increase in lipid specific oxidative stress (as measured by MDA) was observed with all other conditions, the

noted decrease with GlycoCarn® may be of interest to those seeking antioxidant support within a pre-workout dietary supplement. Admittedly, the importance of these subtle differences in blood flow, total volume load, and MDA in relation to exercise performance and recovery are unknown at the present time and require additional study. Hence, athletes will need to consider the cost to benefit ratio when making such a decision as to whether or not to use an ingredient such as GlycoCarn®. While several anecdotal reports exist indicating a performance benefit when using the products tested in Small molecule library the current study, we are unaware of any peer reviewed scientific manuscripts that examine any of these products. Based on the caffeine and other supposed performance aids contained within these products, we believed that it would be possible that a performance effect would be observed. However, because the actual dosage of ingredients contained within the products is unknown within a proprietary blend

(see Figures 1, 2, and 3), it is possible that the actual amount of caffeine and other ingredients is simply too low to promote selleck compound an ergogenic effect. In fact, studies using caffeine to improve resistance exercise performance have been mixed, as noted in a

recent comprehensive review [3]. One recent study found no effect of L-NAME HCl a caffeine containing dietary supplement on resistance exercise performance, despite using a relatively high dosage of caffeine (400mg) [26]. Even this amount, which may not be adequate for many individuals, would correlate to approximately 5mg∙kg-1 for subjects in the present study (based on a mean body mass of 80kg). Although not possible to determine from looking at the product labels, based on the lack of a performance effect, it is doubtful that the caffeine dosage contained within the tested products is adequate. Aside from caffeine (and agents such as creatine and beta alanine–which need to be consumed on a regular basis in order to provide ergogenic effects), the tested products contain very few additional ingredients that have been shown in human clinical research studies to provide an ergogenic effect. Moreover, as with caffeine, the dosage of each specific ingredient may be too low to provide any benefit. Logic dictates that if a single serving has a weight of 20 grams and half of the serving is comprised of carbohydrate and flavoring, little weight remains for each of the additional 30-60 ingredients. Our data clearly show that ingredient number has no influence on product effectiveness. In fact, the use of a very inexpensive maltodextrin powder yields similar effects as all products used for comparison in this design.