It would be essential to study the genotype of our S. Typhimurium EPZ-6438 ic50 isolates from poultry further in order to know if the invasive genotype also occurs in animals as the environmental reservoirs and host ranges of invasive salmonella strains in Africa are still unknown [35]. Our S. Typhimurium isolates from chicken and humans had the same phage type DT 56. This phage type was in Kenya among the most common phage type from adult patients [36]. In developed selleck chemical countries, a phage type DT 104 has often been associated with outbreaks of multiresistant

S. Typhimurium infection in both man and animals [37]. Only two isolates in our study was resistant to the newer antimicrobials; S. Muenster from the poultry feces was resistant to nalidixic acid, as was S. Urbana from the cattle feces, furthermore, its sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime was decreased. PFGE provides valuable

phylogenetic-relationship inference for Salmonella at serotype and strain level [38, 39]. Our cluster analysis revealed close genetic relationship between some human and animal strains belonging Salubrinal concentration to the same serotypes. Notable similarity of the chicken and human isolates indicates that chicken may be a major source of Salmonella transmission to humans. Also in Senegal, a study detected a high degree of similarity among S. Hadar, S. Brancaster and S. Enteritidis from poultry meat and humans by using PFGE [40]. Besides through food, direct transmission from chicken to humans could easily happen in Burkina Faso, since chickens roam free scattering their feces anywhere in the house yards. Although, in these surroundings it is also possible that it is rather chicken which get transiently infected with the typical human Salmonella strains. However, the study conducted recently on isolates from infected children and their

households in the Gambia did not support the hypothesis that humans and animals living in close contact in the same household carry genotypically similar Salmonella serotypes GPX6 [20]. We found out that the prevalence of Salmonella in hedgehog feces was particularly high (96%). In Burkina Faso, hedgehogs live in a variety of habitats where they dig their burrows, spend most of the daylight hours asleep, and emerge at night to forage. Hedgehogs can serve as reservoirs of Salmonella in many ways. During the night, villagers go to catch them as a meat source for the next day. During the rainy season, feces of animals including hedgehogs pollute the water sources such as rivers and wells. At the countryside many people are dependent on these sources for their potable water. In developed countries, people having exotic hedgehogs as pets have fallen sick with salmonellosis [10]. In these cases, the commonly detected Salmonella serotype has been S. Tilene [16]. Since we found several S.