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“Introduction Fungi play a central role in most ecosystems and seem to dominate the microbial biomass in soil habitats (Joergensen and Wichern 2008), where they are important decomposers and occupy a notable position in the natural carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus Rho cycles (Christensen 1989). Mycorrhizal and parasitic communities in different habitats are well characterised at the molecular level (Ryberg et al. 2009), and they directly affect plant community composition and productivity (Klironomos 2002; van der Heijden et al. 2008). In contrast, fungal species inventories from agricultural soils are so far mainly known from cultivation studies (Domsch and Gams 1970; Domsch et al. 1993; Hagn et al. 2003), while there are only few studies employing cultivation-independent techniques (de Castro et al. 2008; Lynch and Thorn 2006). A solid knowledge of the fungal community in agricultural soils provides the basis for functional studies about specific processes carried out by members of this group.

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