Aging in females and males is considered as the end of natural protection against age related NCT-501 clinical trial diseases like osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. These changes increase during menopausal condition in females when the level of estradiol is decreased. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-aging and protective potential of 17 beta estradiol (E2) treatment on activities of membrane linked ATPases
(Na(+)K(+) ATPase, Ca(2+) ATPase), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutases, glutathione-S-transferases), intrasynaptosomal calcium levels, membrane fluidity and neurolipofuscin in the brain of aging female rats of 3 months (young), 12 months (adult) and 24 months (old) age groups, and to see whether these changes are restored to normal levels after exogenous administration of E2 (0.1 mu g/g body weight for one month).The results obtained in the present work revealed that normal aging was associated with significant decrease in the activities of membrane linked ATPases, antioxidant enzymes and an increase in neurolipofuscin, intrasynaptosomal calcium levels in brain of aging female rats. The present study showed that E2 treatment reversed the changes to near normal levels. E2 treatment appears to be beneficial in preventing some of the age related changes in the brain,
an important anti-aging effect of the hormone. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Movement of an image on the Selleckchem FRAX597 retina is necessary for the persistence of vision in vertebrates. Leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) do not show any obvious independent eye movements that could sustain perception of stationary objects when the animal itself is stationary. However, video recordings of normal, awake leopard frogs made through a dissecting microscope reveal that the animal’s whole head oscillates with an amplitude of 10-100 mu m in step with the breathing cycle. The retinal image
shifts produced by these breathing movements could ensure continuous perception of the frog’s stationary environment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Ya-Ba, a combination of the two potent psychostimulants methamphetamine (METH) and caffeine tuclazepam (CAF), is commonly used by drug abusers in Thailand and neighboring countries. While the neurotoxic effects of METH are well documented, the toxicity of this combination is mostly unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of this particular drug combination using both in vitro and in vivo models. We found that combined treatment of METH and CAF at individually non-toxic concentrations significantly decreased viability of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The reduction in cell survival was accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.