A.1.13.1) vitamin B 12 transport protein. The topological prediction was performed with the WHAT program. Blue lines denote Hydropathy; Red lines

denote Amphipathicity; Orange bars mark transmembrane segments as predicted by HMMTOP. Figure 5 Red lettering indicates the TMSs (TM1-10) as also indicated by the Volasertib order helical structures above the sequence. Numbers at the beginning of each line refer to the residue numbers in the protein. TMSs within BtuC revealed by x-ray crystallography. The GAP program was run for TMSs 1–4 of gi288941543 aligning with TMSs 6–10 of gi150017008. GSK621 mouse The result, shown in Figure 6, gave a comparison score of 13.6 S.D. with 42.1% similarity and 31.0% identity. These results clearly show the presence of two BAY 80-6946 purchase internal repeats. Figure 6 TMSs 1–4 of gi288941543 aligned with TMSs 6–10 of gi150017008, giving a comparison score

of 13.6 S.D. with 42.1% similarity and 31.0% identity. The numbers at the beginning of each line refer to the residue numbers in each of the proteins. TMSs are indicated in red lettering. Vertical lines indicate identities; colons indicate close similarities, and periods indicate more distant similarities. We were able to demonstrate an internal repeat for a twenty TMS transporter, FhuB (TC# 3.A.1.14.3), a protein that catalyzes the transport of iron hydroxamates across the cytoplasmic membrane [27]. Its TMSs 1–10 aligned with TMSs 11–20, as shown in Additional file 1: Figure S5. The comparison score calculated was 33 S.D. with 44.8% similarity and 31.5% identity, demonstrating that TMSs 1–10 and TMS 11–20 resulted from a relatively recent intragenic duplication event. Evolutionary relationships among uptake porters with differing numbers of TMSs In this section, we aim to understand how the ABC uptake porters predicted to contain different numbers of TMSs relate to one another. Understanding the relationships between putative five PAK5 and six TMS transporters The five

TMS porter investigated in this part of our study is HisM (TC# 3.A.1.3.1), involved in mediating histidine uptake. The hydropathy plot is shown in Additional file 1: Figure S6. A hundred non-redundant homologues of HisM were obtained via BLAST, and the average hydropathy plot, based on the multiple alignment, was derived using the AveHAS program (Additional file 1: Figure S7). The results confirm that HisM is indeed a 5 TMS protein. To demonstrate the relationship between the five TMS HisM and the six TMS MalG protein, their sequences were aligned. As seen from the alignment shown in Additional file 1: Figure S8, TMSs 2–6 of a MalG homologue, gi239931681, aligned with TMSs 1–5 of a HisM homologue (gi116248748), resulting in a comparison score of 17.5 S.D. (39.2% similarity and 27.9% identity). The extra TMS in MalG, not present in HisM, is therefore TMS1. TMSs 1–4 of a ten TMS porter, BtuC (TC# 3.A.1.13.1) homologue, gi87122087, aligned with TMSs 1–4 of the six TMS porter, MalG (TC# 3.A.1.1.