5-V bias voltage where the resistivity ratio is quite high is shown. In Figure 6a,b, it is shown that all measured local points for a-TaN x deposited on Au, despite they demonstrate different conductivity, exhibit significant current hysteresis

for positive and negative bias voltage. In contrast, for a-TaN x deposited on Si, positive voltage sweeping results in a resistivity ratio smaller than 3, Figure 6c, while hysteresis of the I-Vs for negative voltage sweeping is negligible, Figure 6d. This is consistent with the RGFP966 molecular weight observed high-current and the low-voltage threshold, previously mentioned, which indicate low charge storage in that film. Figure 6 Double sweeping of voltage bias on different nanodomains of both a-TaN x films. (a) Positive and (b) negative voltage bias Vactosertib clinical trial swept on four nanodomains (curves 1 to 4) of a-TaN x film deposited on Au. (c) Positive and (d) negative voltage bias swept on three nanodomains (curves 5 to 7) of a-TaN

x film deposited on Si. In the first three figures, significant current hysteresis is observed, while in the last figure, hysteresis effects are negligible. Table 1 Hysteresis and the calculated resistivity ratio at 3.5-V bias voltage Point contact (Figure6, curves 1 to 7) Hysteresis [ δI (nA)] at 3.5 V Resistivity ratio at 3.5 V 1 a-TaN x on Au 0.4 >80 PLX-4720 mouse 2 a-TaN x on Au 0.2 >40 3 a-TaN x on Au 0.2 >40 4 a-TaN x on Au 0.5 >100 5 a-TaN x on Si 9.4 2.5 6 a-TaN x on Si 2.7 2.2 7 a-TaN x on Si 1.8 2.3 Conclusions In summary, it is found that the conduction on metal/a-TaN x /metal devices through the amorphous film is dominated by the space-charge-limited current and the current contribution from the bulk is small compared to the space charge and surface current. The conduction of the devices is also expected to be greatly influenced by the eventual presence of Ta nanoparticles embedded in the amorphous matrix and the choice of the metal electrodes, as it is shown in the case of the a-TaN x films deposited on Si. Liothyronine Sodium Large variations between neighboring nanodomains on the same film are found. These variations in conductivity between

nanodomains of the same film establish the importance of C-AFM technique as a diagnostic tool in nanoelectronics. Finally, significant current hysteresis effects are demonstrated, indicating the possible use of a-TaN x in memory applications, especially for a-TaN x deposited on Au where bipolar memory effects are observed. Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge NHRF/TPCI for the financial support from the internal funding sources. References 1. Rockett A: The Materials Science of Semiconductors. Berlin: Springer; 2008.CrossRef 2. Vieira EMF, Diaz R, Grisolia J, Parisini A, Martín-Sánchez J, Levichev S, Rolo AG, Chahboun A, Gomes MJM: Charge trapping properties and retention time in amorphous SiGe/SiO 2 nanolayers. J Phys D Appl Phys 2013, 46:095306.CrossRef 3.