5%) and P[8] 3/35 (8.5%). We observed an unusual P type, P[15], in one sample in combination with

G10. G typing alone was possible in five Roxadustat ic50 samples (1.2%). The common G:P combinations seen among 35 infected animals were G6P[6] in 15 (42.8%), G2P[4] in 7 (20%), G2P[8] and G10PUT in 3 (8.5%) each, G6P[1] in 2 (5.7%) animals and G8P[6], G8P[1] and G10P[15] in 1 animal each (2.8%) (Fig. 1b). The distribution of genotypes in animals showed G6 infections as the predominant cause of symptomatic rotavirus infection, followed by G2. Since G2 strains that are commonly reported in humans were found in animals, the G2P4 and G2P8 strains isolated from animals and humans were sequenced to investigate the possibility of anthroponotic transmission. By phylogenetic analysis, the animal strains showed >95% similarity at nt level and deduced aa level with human rotavirus sequences. Since P typing was not possible for a G10 strain after the second round of multiplex PCR using type specific primers, we sequenced a fragment of the 876 bp first round product. This strain was Ku-0059436 chemical structure isolated from an adult cow in a dairy farm on 27th

July 2007. The cow was five years old and had endured diarrhea for five days. The partial nucleotide sequence of the VP4 gene and deduced amino acid sequence were determined and compared with VP4 sequences of prototype strains belonging to P1 to P35 genotypes using maximum parsimony. Phylogenetic and sequence analysis of the VP4 gene of AD63 showed maximum identity to the prototype ovine P[15] strain isolated in China [12] (91% identity at nt and 93% at the deduced aa level) (Fig. 2). We also sequenced amplified products of VP6, VP7 and NSP4 genes using the respective oligonucleotide primers and we constructed phylogenetic trees. Sequence

analysis of G10 genotype showed maximum identity to the bovine G10 genotypes (99% at nt level and 98% at aa level) (Fig. 3). VP6 gene analysis indicated that the G10P[15] Ketanserin strain was of subgroup I and clustered with animal strains. The NSP4 gene analysis identified it as genogroup A of human origin with 95% identity at nt and aa level (Fig. 4). Taken together, the data indicated that genetic reassortment could have occurred. Therefore all other genes of this strain were analyzed by sequencing. Sequence analysis of VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP1, NSP2 and NSP5 genes of AD63 showed 97%, 95%, 94%, 95%, 94%, and 97% identity respectively to the genes of caprine GO34 strain isolated from Bangladesh [37] (Table 1). The NSP3 gene showed 95% similarity to the feline rotavirus Cat2/G3P[9] [38]. According to the recently developed rotavirus whole genome classification system, we assigned the VP7-VP4-VP6-VP1-VP2-VP3-NSP1-NSP2-NSP3-NSP4-NSP5 genes of strain G10P[15] to the G10-P[15]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3 genotypes, respectively.