In India, wetlands provide multiple services, including irrigation, domestic water supply, freshwater

fisheries and water for recreation. They are also playing important role in groundwater recharge, flood control, carbon sequestration and pollution abatement. However, management of wetlands has received inadequate attention in the national water sector agenda. As a result, many of the wetlands in urban and rural areas are subject to anthropogenic pressures, including land use changes in the catchment; pollution from industry and households; encroachments; tourism; and over exploitation of their natural resources. India is signatory to Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and has drafted Wetland (Conversation

and Dabrafenib molecular weight Management) Rules in 2010 but still no significant progress has been made on the conservation and wise use of wetlands. The main reason is that only selected number of wetlands has received significant attention (by way of financial and technical assistance from the central government) under the wetland conservation programmes (like NWCP and NLCP) while the remaining ones continue to be in neglected state. Majority of research work on wetland management in India relates to the limnological aspects and ecological/environmental economics of wetland management. Panobinostat manufacturer But, the physical (such as hydrological and land-use changes in the catchment) and socio-economic (such as population growth and changes in economic activities) processes leading to limnological changes

have not been explored substantially. Further, the institutional aspects (policies, rules, regulation and organizations) of wetland management have received limited attention and attracted the imagination of research scholars only recently. Thus more research emphasis on the physical, socio-economic and institutional factors influencing condition of wetlands and their use is required in order to arrive at better and comprehensive management strategies for wetlands that are facing growing stress from a variety of anthropogenic and climatic factors. We declare that there is no conflict of interest associated with this second manuscript. “
“Environmental concerns and an increasing pressure on fossil fuels cause a rapidly growing interest in renewable energy. An attractive provider of renewable energy is Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES), where groundwater in the aquifer is used as a storage medium for thermal energy. An ATES system typically consists of one or more extraction and injection wells (Fig. 1). During summer, cool groundwater is extracted from the cold well(s) and by means of a heat exchanger, the thermal energy is transferred to cool the building. Through this process, the water is heated after which it is injected in the warm well(s). During winter, this system reverses and the stored warm water is extracted.